SpringBootWeb开发-7

上一级页面:ssm-spring-boot速成学习索引

前言

56、原生组件注入-原生注解与Spring方式注入

官方文档 - Servlets, Filters, and listeners

使用原生的注解

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@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/my")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("66666");
}
}
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@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns={"/css/*","/images/*"}) //my
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter初始化完成");
}

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter工作");
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}

@Override
public void destroy() {
log.info("MyFilter销毁");
}
}
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@Slf4j
@WebListener
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {


@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目初始化完成");
}

@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目销毁");
}
}

最后还要在主启动类添加注解@ServletComponentScan

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@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lun")//
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class Boot05WebAdminApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Boot05WebAdminApplication.class, args);
}
}

Spring方式注入

ServletRegistrationBean, FilterRegistrationBean, and ServletListenerRegistrationBean

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@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)
public class MyRegistConfig {

@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();

return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet,"/my","/my02");
}


@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){

MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();
// return new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter,myServlet());
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/my","/css/*"));
return filterRegistrationBean;
}

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
MySwervletContextListener mySwervletContextListener = new MySwervletContextListener();
return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(mySwervletContextListener);
}
}

57、原生组件注入-【源码分析】DispatcherServlet注入原理

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration配置类

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@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {

/*
* The bean name for a DispatcherServlet that will be mapped to the root URL "/"
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServlet";

/*
* The bean name for a ServletRegistrationBean for the DispatcherServlet "/"
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServletRegistration";

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {

//创建DispatcherServlet类的Bean
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
return dispatcherServlet;
}

@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}

}

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {

//注册DispatcherServlet类
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
return registration;
}

}

...

}

DispatcherServlet默认映射的是 / 路径,可以通过在配置文件修改spring.mvc.servlet.path=/mvc

58、嵌入式Servlet容器-【源码分析】切换web服务器与定制化

  • 默认支持的WebServer

    • Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow
    • ServletWebServerApplicationContext 容器启动寻找ServletWebServerFactory 并引导创建服务器。
  • 原理

    • SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用,web场景包-导入tomcat。
    • web应用会创建一个web版的IOC容器 ServletWebServerApplicationContext
    • ServletWebServerApplicationContext 启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory (Servlet 的web服务器工厂——>Servlet 的web服务器)。
    • SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂(ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration内创建Bean),如:
      • TomcatServletWebServerFactory
      • JettyServletWebServerFactory
      • UndertowServletWebServerFactory
    • 底层直接会有一个自动配置类ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
    • ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration(配置类)。
    • ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration 根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包。(默认是web-starter导入tomcat包),容器中就有 TomcatServletWebServerFactory
    • TomcatServletWebServerFactory 创建出Tomcat服务器并启动;TomcatWebServer 的构造器拥有初始化方法initialize——this.tomcat.start();
    • 内嵌服务器,与以前手动把启动服务器相比,改成现在使用代码启动(tomcat核心jar包存在)。

Spring Boot默认使用Tomcat服务器,若需更改其他服务器,则修改工程pom.xml:

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>

官方文档 - Use Another Web Server

定制Servlet容器

  • 实现WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory>

    • 把配置文件的值和ServletWebServerFactory进行绑定
  • 修改配置文件 server.xxx

  • 直接自定义 ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory

xxxxxCustomizer:定制化器,可以改变xxxx的默认规则

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import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerFactoryCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class CustomizationBean implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory> {

@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory server) {
server.setPort(9000);
}

}

59、定制化原理-SpringBoot定制化组件的几种方式(小结)

定制化的常见方式

  • 修改配置文件

  • xxxxxCustomizer

  • 编写自定义的配置类 xxxConfiguration + @Bean替换、增加容器中默认组件,视图解析器

  • Web应用 编写一个配置类实现 WebMvcConfigurer 即可定制化web功能 + @Bean给容器中再扩展一些组件

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@Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
}
  • @EnableWebMvc + WebMvcConfigurer@Bean 可以全面接管SpringMVC,所有规则全部自己重新配置; 实现定制和扩展功能(高级功能,初学者退避三舍)。
    • 原理:
      1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration默认的SpringMVC的自动配置功能类,如静态资源、欢迎页等。
      2. 一旦使用 @EnableWebMvc ,会@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
      3. DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration的作用,只保证SpringMVC最基本的使用
        • 把所有系统中的WebMvcConfigurer拿过来,所有功能的定制都是这些WebMvcConfigurer合起来一起生效。
        • 自动配置了一些非常底层的组件,如RequestMappingHandlerMapping,这些组件依赖的组件都是从容器中获取如。
        • public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport
      4. WebMvcAutoConfiguration里面的配置要能生效必须 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
      5. @EnableWebMvc 导致了WebMvcAutoConfiguration 没有生效。

原理分析套路

场景starter - xxxxAutoConfiguration - 导入xxx组件 - 绑定xxxProperties - 绑定配置文件项。

60、数据访问-数据库场景的自动配置分析与整合测试

导入JDBC场景

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

接着导入数据库驱动包(MySQL为例)。

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<!--默认版本:-->
<mysql.version>8.0.22</mysql.version>

<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<!--<version>5.1.49</version>-->
</dependency>

<!--
想要修改版本
1、直接依赖引入具体版本(maven的就近依赖原则)
2、重新声明版本(maven的属性的就近优先原则)
-->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
</properties>

相关数据源配置类

  • DataSourceAutoConfiguration : 数据源的自动配置。

    • 修改数据源相关的配置:spring.datasource
    • 数据库连接池的配置,是自己容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的
    • 底层配置好的连接池是:HikariDataSource
  • DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration: 事务管理器的自动配置。

  • JdbcTemplateAutoConfigurationJdbcTemplate的自动配置,可以来对数据库进行CRUD。

    • 可以修改前缀为spring.jdbc的配置项来修改JdbcTemplate
    • @Bean @Primary JdbcTemplate:Spring容器中有这个JdbcTemplate组件,使用@Autowired
  • JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration: JNDI的自动配置。

  • XADataSourceAutoConfiguration: 分布式事务相关的。

修改配置项

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spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

单元测试数据源

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import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {

@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

@Test//用@org.junit.Test会报空指针异常,可能跟JUnit新版本有关
void contextLoads() {
// jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account_tbl")
// jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account_tbl",)
Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account_tbl", Long.class);
log.info("记录总数:{}",aLong);
}

}

SpringBootWeb开发-8

spring-boot-数据访问

参考、引用、致谢