SpringBootWeb开发-2
2023年1月22日大约 4 分钟
上一级页面:ssm-spring-boot速成学习索引
前言
26、请求处理-【源码分析】-Rest映射及源码解析
请求映射
- @xxxMapping;
- @GetMapping
- @PostMapping
- @PutMapping
- @DeleteMapping
Rest风格支持
- Rest风格支持(使用HTTP请求方式动词来表示对资源的操作)
- 以前:
- /getUser 获取用户
- /deleteUser 删除用户
- /editUser 修改用户
- /saveUser保存用户
- 现在: /user
- GET-获取用户
- DELETE-删除用户
- PUT-修改用户
- POST-保存用户
- 核心Filter;HiddenHttpMethodFilter
- 以前:
Rest用法
- 用法
- 开启页面表单的Rest功能
- 页面 form的属性method=post,隐藏域 _method=put、delete等(如果直接get或post,无需隐藏域)
- 编写请求映射
application.yaml中添加以下配置
spring:
mvc:
hiddenmethod:
filter:
enabled: true #开启页面表单的Rest功能
将以下内容添加至index.html
<h1>测试RESTFUL</h1>
<form action="/user" method="get">
<input value="REST-GET提交" type="submit" />
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input value="REST-POST提交" type="submit" />
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE"/>
<input value="REST-DELETE 提交" type="submit"/>
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT" />
<input value="REST-PUT提交"type="submit" />
</form>
@GetMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUser(){
return "GET-张三";
}
@PostMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveUser(){
return "POST-张三";
}
@PutMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putUser(){
return "PUT-张三";
}
@DeleteMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(){
return "DELETE-张三";
}
Spring使用Rest的原理
这里用到了包装类HttpMethodRequestWrapper
- Rest原理(表单提交要使用REST的时候)
- 表单提交会带上
_method=PUT
- 请求过来被
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
拦截- 请求是否正常,并且是POST
- 获取到
_method
的值。 - 兼容以下请求;PUT.DELETE.PATCH
- 原生request(post),包装模式requesWrapper重写了getMethod方法,返回的是传入的值。
- 过滤器链放行的时候用wrapper。以后的方法调用getMethod是调用requesWrapper的。
- 获取到
- 请求是否正常,并且是POST
- 表单提交会带上
public class HiddenHttpMethodFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private static final List<String> ALLOWED_METHODS =
Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(HttpMethod.PUT.name(),
HttpMethod.DELETE.name(), HttpMethod.PATCH.name()));
/** Default method parameter: {@code _method}. */
public static final String DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM = "_method";
private String methodParam = DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM;
/**
* Set the parameter name to look for HTTP methods.
* @see #DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM
*/
public void setMethodParam(String methodParam) {
Assert.hasText(methodParam, "'methodParam' must not be empty");
this.methodParam = methodParam;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest requestToUse = request;
if ("POST".equals(request.getMethod()) && request.getAttribute(WebUtils.ERROR_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE) == null) {
String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(paramValue)) {
String method = paramValue.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
if (ALLOWED_METHODS.contains(method)) {
requestToUse = new HttpMethodRequestWrapper(request, method);
}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(requestToUse, response);
}
/**
* Simple {@link HttpServletRequest} wrapper that returns the supplied method for
* {@link HttpServletRequest#getMethod()}.
*/
private static class HttpMethodRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private final String method;
public HttpMethodRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String method) {
super(request);
this.method = method;
}
@Override
public String getMethod() {
return this.method;
}
}
}
RestApi测试工具ApiPost、PostMan(建议后端程序员学习使用)
- Rest使用客户端工具。
- 如PostMan可直接发送put、delete等方式请求。
27、请求处理-【源码分析】-怎么改变默认的_method
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false)
public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
}
...
}
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
意味着在没有HiddenHttpMethodFilter
时,才执行hiddenHttpMethodFilter()
。
因此,我们可以自定义filter,改变默认的_method
。例如:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig{
//自定义filter
@Bean
public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter(){
HiddenHttpMethodFilter methodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
methodFilter.setMethodParam("_m");
return methodFilter;
}
}
将_method
改成_m
。
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_m" type="hidden" value="DELETE"/>
<input value="REST-DELETE 提交" type="submit"/>
</form>
28、请求处理-【源码分析】-请求映射原理
- HttpServler DoGet -> FrameworkServlet processRequest
- FrameworkServlet processRequest -> 调用FrameworkServlet doService(抽象方法)
- FrameworkServlet doService(抽象方法) -> 由DispatcherServlet doService进行具体实现
- DispatcherServlet doService -> 调用 DispatcherServlet doDispatch
总结:SpringMVC功能分析都从 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
-> doDispatch()
开始,以后源码分析经常从这开始,断点也打在这
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// 找到当前请求使用哪个Handler(Controller的方法)处理
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
//HandlerMapping:处理器映射。/xxx->>xxxx
// ...
}
getHandler()
方法如下:
@Nullable
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
}
return null;
}
this.handlerMappings
在Debug模式下展现的内容:
其中,RequestMappingHandlerMapping
保存了所有@RequestMapping
和handler
的映射规则。
在SpringBoot3.0+,这个方法被更改了
![Pasted image 20230124200757.png](https://webdav-1309345210.file.myqcloud.com/images/Pasted image 20230124200757.png)
但是和2.0+区别不大。
所有的请求映射都在HandlerMapping中:
- SpringBoot自动配置欢迎页的 WelcomePageHandlerMapping 。访问
/
能访问到index.html
; - SpringBoot自动配置了默认 的 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
- 请求进来,挨个尝试所有的HandlerMapping看是否有请求信息。
- 如果有就找到这个请求对应的handler
- 如果没有就是下一个 HandlerMapping
- 我们需要一些自定义的映射处理,我们也可以自己给容器中放HandlerMapping。自定义 HandlerMapping
IDEA快捷键
IDEA快捷键:
- Ctrl + Alt + U : 以UML的类图展现类有哪些继承类,派生类以及实现哪些接口。
- Crtl + Alt + Shift + U : 同上,区别在于上条快捷键结果在新页展现,而本条快捷键结果在弹窗展现。
- Ctrl + H : 以树形方式展现类层次结构图。
SpringBootWeb开发-2-1
spring-boot-web-开发-2-1-请求处理和api测试